biol BIOSIS Previews <1990 to 1994 Week 31> Search mode - Enter query 3_: moose and bear RESULT 14 DOCUMENTS 4_: ..pc all/a;;l l l Using set number 3 1 of 14 AN 097221819 JA Biological Abstracts Vol. 097 Iss. 010 Ref. 138934 AU Guglich E A. Wilson P J. White B N. IN Dep. Biology, McMaster Univ., 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, CAN. TI Forensic application of repetitive DNA markers to the species identification of animal tissues. SO Journal of Forensic Sciences 39 (2). 1994. 353-361. KW RESEARCH ARTICLE. ALCES ALCES. URSUS AMERICANUS. ODOCOILEUS VIRGINIANUS. WHITE-TAILED DEER. BLACK BEAR. MOOSE. FORENSIC SCIENCE. GAME ANIMAL POACHING. ILLEGAL COMMERCIALIZATION. CC *General Biology/Forensic Science [00531] *Genetics and Cytogenetics/Animal [03506] *Ecology; Environmental Biology/Wildlife Management-Terrestrial [07518] *Biochemical Methods/Nucleic Acids, Purines and Pyrimidines [10052] *Biochemical Studies/Nucleic Acids, Purines and Pyrimidines [10062] *Chordata, General and Systematic Zoology/Mammalia [62520] Behavioral Biology/Human Behavior [07004] BC Biosystematic Codes/Super Taxonomic Groups: Cervidae [85725] Ursidae [85790] Animals. Chordates. Vertebrates. Nonhuman Vertebrates. Mammals. Nonhuman Mammals. Artiodactyls. Carnivores. AB Highly repetitive DNA markers have been used for determining the species origin of animal tissues in cases of illegal commercialization and poaching of game animals. This approach has been used in cases involving white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), moose (Alces alces) and black bear (Ursus americanus). Digesting the DNA with various restriction enzymes, agarose electrophoresis and staining with ethidium bromide revealed unique banding patterns for each species. These patterns have been used to distinguish meat from game animal species from commercial sources of meat and organs. Data are presented from two Ontario court cases that demonstrate the application of the procedure. LG English. PT Article. IS 0022-1198 UP 9420 YR 1994 2 of 14 AN 097220924 JA Biological Abstracts Vol. 097 Iss. 010 Ref. 138051 AU Messier F. IN Dep. Biol., Univ. Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0W0, CAN. TI Ungulate population models with predation: A case study with the North American moose. SO Ecology (Tempe) 75 (2). 1994. 478-488. KW RESEARCH ARTICLE. ALCES ALCES. WOLF. BEAR. CALF MORTALITY. SPECIES DENSITY. HABITAT QUALITY. FOOD COMPETITION. NORTH AMERICA. CC *Mathematical Biology and Statistical Methods [04500] *Ecology; Environmental Biology/Animal [07508] *Biophysics/Biocybernetics (1972- ) [10515] *Pathology, General and Miscellaneous/Necrosis (1971- ) [12510] *Nutrition/General Studies, Nutritional Status and Methods [13202] *Developmental Biology/Embryology-Morphogenesis, General [25508] BC Biosystematic Codes/Super Taxonomic Groups: Cervidae [85725] Canidae [85765] Ursidae [85790] Animals. Chordates. Vertebrates. Nonhuman Vertebrates. Mammals. Nonhuman Mammals. Artiodactyls. Carnivores. AB In this article I examine moose-wolf interactions over a broad spectrum of moose densities with the primary objective to test empirically whether wolf predation can regulate moose numbers. I also present four conceptual models of moose population dynamics and outline their specific predictions. Based on 27 studies where moose were the dominant prey species, the functional and numerical responses of wolves to changing moose density were derived using an hyperbolic, Michaelis-Menten function. Per capita killing rate was strongly related (P = .01) to moose density, as was the density of wolves (P lt .01). Killing rate plateaued at 3.36 moose cntdot wolf-1. (100 days)-1 when predators were fully satiated. The asymptotic value for wolf density was 58.7 animals/1000 km-2. Wolf predation rate, as derived from the total predator response, proved to be density dependent from 0 to 0.65 moose/km-2, and inversely density dependent at higher moose densities. Predator: prey ratios reflected wolf predation rate poorly because they did not integrate the functional response. An empirical model based on these results suggests that moose would stabilize at 2.0 moose/km-2 in the absence of predators, and at apprxeq 1.3 moose/km-2 in the presence of a single predator, the wolf. Density-dependent food competition creates these two high-density equilibrium conditions. If moose productivity is diminished through either deteriorating habitat quality or bear-induced early calf mortality, then a low-density equilibrium (0.2-0.4 moose/km-2) is predicted. The model also suggests that when a low equilibrium develops, a "predator pit" is absent or extremely shallow, thus arguing against the appropriateness of a predation-food two-state model. Further research on the density relationship of bear predation, on the effect of alternate prey on wolf total response, and on the regulatory impact of food competition at high moose densities, is required for a full understanding of moose demography. LG English. PT Article. UP 9420 YR 1994 3 of 14 AN 096002981 AU Herman A E. Robbins C T. IN DEP. CHEM., MIAMI UNIV., OXFORD, OH 45056, USA. TI SPECIFICITY OF TANNIN-BINDING SALIVARY PROTEINS RELATIVE TO DIET SELECTION BY MAMMALS. SO Canadian Journal of Zoology 71 (3). 1993. 628-633. KW ALCES-ALCES CASTOR-CANADENSIS ODOCOILEUS-HEMIONUS URSUS-AMERICANUS WILLOW ASPEN BIRCH FOOD HABITS OPTIMAL FORAGING. CC *Behavioral Biology/Animal Behavior [07003] *Ecology; Environmental Biology/Animal [07508] *Biochemical Studies/Proteins, Peptides and Amino Acids [10064] *Nutrition/General Studies, Nutritional Status and Methods [13202] *Dental and Oral Biology/Physiology and Biochemistry [19004] BC Biosystematic Codes/Super Taxonomic Groups: Cervidae [85725] Ursidae [85790] Castoridae [86295] Animals. Chordates. Vertebrates. Nonhuman Vertebrates. Mammals. Nonhuman Mammals. Artiodactyls. Carnivores. Rodents. AB The tannin-binding specificity of salivary proteins in several mammals was investigated as a possible explanation for observed food habits. Moose (Alces alces) and beaver (Castor canadensis) produce salivary proteins that only bind the linear condensed tannins common in their preferred foods, such as willow, aspen, or birch. The mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), which has a more generalized diet, produces salivary proteins that bind linear and branched-chain condensed tannins and gallotannins, but not an ellagitannin. The omnivorous black bear (Ursus americanus) produces salivary proteins that bind all types of tannins. In feeding trials beaver and mule deer were fed tannins that were not bound by salivary tannin-binding proteins in the in vitro assays. The results confirmed that these tannins reduce digestibility more than tannins that are bound by salivary proteins. Thus, salivary tannin-binding proteins are not always generalized scavengers of dietary tannins, but can be very specific for the types of tannins that are consumed in the preferred diet. The diversity of tannin chemistry and the specificity of salivary tannin-binding proteins must be considered in optimal foraging studies and in cost-benefit models of herbivore diet selection. LG English. PT Article. UP 9300 YR 1993 4 of 14 AN 095129288 AU Gross J E. Shipley L A. Hobbs N T. Spalinger D E. Wunder B A. IN NATURAL RESOUR. ECOL. LAB., COLO. STATE UNIV., FORT COLLINS, CO 80523, USA. TI FUNCTIONAL RESPONSE OF HERBIVORES IN FOOD-CONCENTRATED PATCHES TESTS OF A MECHANISTIC MODEL. SO Ecology 74 (3). 1993. 778-791. KW DICROSTONYX-GROENLANDICUS CYNOMYS-LUDOVICIANUS ORYCTOLAGUS-CUNICULUS TAYASSU-TAJACU ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS AXIS-AXIS RANGIFER-TARANDUS URSUS-ARCTOS CERVUS-ELAPHUS ALCES-ALCES EQUUS-CABALLUS BOS-TAURUS BITE SIZE BROWSING FORAGING GRAZING HANDLING TIME INTAKE RATE PATCH PLANT-ANIMAL INTERACTION. CC *Ecology; Environmental Biology/Plant [07506] *Ecology; Environmental Biology/Animal [07508] *Biophysics/Biocybernetics (1972- ) [10515] *Metabolism/Energy and Respiratory Metabolism [13003] *Nutrition/General Studies, Nutritional Status and Methods [13202] BC Biosystematic Codes/Super Taxonomic Groups: Bovidae [85715] Cervidae [85725] Tayassuidae [85745] Ursidae [85790] Leporidae [86040] Cricetidae [86310] Sciuridae [86405] Animals. Chordates. Vertebrates. Nonhuman Vertebrates. Mammals. Nonhuman Mammals. Artiodactyls. Carnivores. Lagomorphs. Rodents. AB Type II functional responses are frequently observed in herbivores feeding in patches where plants are concentrated in space. We tested a mechanistic model of regulation of intake rate of herbivores foraging in food-concentrated patches (Laca and Demment 1992, Spalinger and Hobbs 1992) that accounts for asymptotic, Type II responses. The model is based on the hypothesis that competition between cropping and chewing regulates instantaneous intake rate in response to changes in the size of bites obtained by the forager. We tested this hypothesis and examined the ability of our model to account for observations of intake rate of 12 species of mammalian herbivores Collared lemming (Dictostonyx groenlandicus), Black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicanus), Domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) Collared peccary (Tayassu tajacu), White-tailed deer (fawn) (Odocoileus virginianus) White-tailed deer (adult), Axis deer (Axis axis), Caribou (Rangifer tarandus) Grizzly bear (Ursus arctos), Elk (Cervus elaphus), Moose (Alces alces), Horse (Equus caballus), Cow (Bos taurus ranging in body mass over 4 orders of magnitude. We measured short-term intake rates of mammalian herbivores feeding in hand-assembled patches of plants. We varied bite size by changing plant height and density in patches offered to herbivores, and observed dry matter intake rates in response to this variation. Averaged across species, our model accounted for 7746 of the variance in food intake rate (P < .001 for all species). Predictions of maximum intake rate closely resembled observations of processing capacity, demonstrating that processing rather than cropping sets an upper limit on short-term intake. Tests of model mechanisms provided strong support for the hypothesis that competition between cropping and chewing is responsible for the Type II functional response seen in herbivores feeding in food-concentrated patches. The model was able to consistently predict intake rates observed in 16 previous studies. These results indicate that plant characteristics regulating bite size (e.g., leaf size and geometry, spinescence) frequently control instantaneous rates of food intake by mammalian herbivores. LG English. PT Article. IS 0012-9658 UP 9300 YR 1993 5 of 14 AN 044092649 AU Lamontagne G. Lajoie L. Lehenaff D. TI BIG GAME IN QUEBEC IN 1991 UTILIZATION BY HUNTING AND MORTALITY BY VARIOUS CAUSES. SO LAMONTAGNE, G., L. LAJOIE AND D. LEHENAFF. GROS GIBIER AU QUEBEC EN 1991: EXPLOITATION PAR LA CHASSE ET MORTALITE PAR DES CAUSES DIVERSES; (BIG GAME IN QUEBEC IN 1991: UTILIZATION BY HUNTING AND MORTALITY BY VARIOUS CAUSES). IX+60P. MINISTERE DU LOISIR, DE LA CHASSE ET DE LA PECHE: QUEBEC, QUEBEC, CANADA. ISBN 2-550-22360-8. 1992. IX+60P. KW BOOK ALCES-ALCES ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS RANGIFER-TARANDUS URSUS-AMERICANUS HUMAN IMPACT PREDATION POACHING ACCIDENT ANIMAL DISTRIBUTION WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT CANADA. CC *Ecology; Environmental Biology/Animal [07508] *Animal Distribution (1971- ) [62800] BC Biosystematic Codes/Super Taxonomic Groups: Cervidae [85725] Ursidae [85790] Animals. Chordates. Vertebrates. Nonhuman Vertebrates. Mammals. Nonhuman Mammals. Artiodactyls. Carnivores. AB This work assesses hunting harvest and losses from predation, poaching, and accidents for the year 1991 of the four big game animals hunted in Quebec: the moose (Alces alces), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), caribou (Rangifer tarandus), and black bear (Ursus americanus). A summary analysis of the distribution and characteristics of the harvest as well as of the losses engendered by different causes is done for each hunting zone in Quebec. Distribution maps of hunting harvest are also included for each animal. This work will be of use to wildlife managers and game wardens. LG French. PT Book. UP 9300 YR 1992 6 of 14 AN 095084225 AU Millar S D. Ballard W B. IN ALASKA DEP. FISH GAME, 333 RASPBERRY RD., ANCHORAGE, AK 99518-1599, USA. TI ANALYSIS OF AN EFFORT TO INCREASE MOOSE CALF SURVIVORSHIP BY INCREASED HUNTING OF BROWN BEARS IN SOUTH-CENTRAL ALASKA. SO Wildlife Society Bulletin 20 (4). 1992. 445-454. KW HUMAN POPULATION DENSITY PREDATION MANAGEMENT USA. CC *Ecology; Environmental Biology/Wildlife Management-Terrestrial [07518] *Nutrition/General Studies, Nutritional Status and Methods [13202] *Developmental Biology/Embryology-Morphogenesis, General [25508] *Chordata, General and Systematic Zoology/Mammalia [62520] BC Biosystematic Codes/Super Taxonomic Groups: Cervidae [85725] Ursidae [85790] Hominidae [86215] Animals. Chordates. Vertebrates. Nonhuman Vertebrates. Mammals. Nonhuman Mammals. Artiodactyls. Carnivores. Primates. Humans. AB The moose population in GMU 13 increased prior to and during a period in the early 1980's when increased brown bear harvests led to reduced brown bear densities in much of GMU 13. Because the later portion of the increase in moose populations occurred when bears were being reduced, some uncritical observers have inferred that decreased bear densities caused the moose population increase. Our analysis does not support this inference. Although earlier work demonstrated that calf survival was low primarily because of high predation by brown bears, we were unable to detect changes in calf survivorship during the period of bear reduction by hunters. Also, we found no evidence that the bear reduction caused or contributed to the moose population increase. A number of potential reasons could have contributed to the failure of hunter-induced bear reductions to measurably increase moose calf survival. LG English. PT Article. IS 0091-7648 UP 9300 YR 1992 7 of 14 AN 093132736 AU Elgmork K. IN DEP. BIOL., DIV. ZOOLOGY, UNIV. OSLO, P.O. BOX 1050 BLINDERN, N-0316 OSLO, NORWAY. TI ESTIMATION OF BROWN BEAR URSUS-ARCTOS L. POPULATIONS BY MEANS OF REPORTS FROM MOOSE HUNTERS I. IN CENTRAL SOUTH NORWAY 1966-68 AND 1976-78. SO Fauna (Oslo) 44 (4). 1991. 269-274. KW ALCES-ALCES BEAR DENSITY SEASONALITY SWEDEN. CC *Ecology; Environmental Biology/Bioclimatology and Biometeorology [07504] *Ecology; Environmental Biology/Wildlife Management-Terrestrial [07518] *Chordata, General and Systematic Zoology/Mammalia [62520] BC Biosystematic Codes/Super Taxonomic Groups: Cervidae [85725] Ursidae [85790] Hominidae [86215] Animals. Chordates. Vertebrates. Nonhuman Vertebrates. Mammals. Nonhuman Mammals. Artiodactyls. Carnivores. Primates. Humans. AB Questionnaires were sent to moose (Alces alces) hunters each year during the periods 1966-68 and 1976-78 in the municipalities shown in Table 1 and Fig. 1. The hunters were asked to report observations of brown bears made during the moose hunting season. In the main area in the first period, 11 observations of brown bears were reported based on an effort of 526 hunter-days per bear observation. In the last period, 4 observations of a bear were reported in the core area with 1660 hunter-days per observation. This indicates a decline in the density of brown bears in the main area in the 1970's. In the surrounding area north of the main area, only 2 bears were reported (Fig.1) after 3022 hunter-days per observation. In the area south of the core area, no bear observations were reported in spite of a hunter effort of 4630 hunter-days. In comparison with similar investigations in Jamtland county in Sweden, these figures indicate an extremely low density of brown bears in central-south Norway. LG Norwegian. PT Article. UP 9200 YR 1991 8 of 14 AN 093132400 AU Mysterud I. IN DEP. BIOLOGY, DIV. ZOOL., UNIV. OSLO, P.O. BOX 1050 BLINDERN, N-0316 OSLO, NORWAY. TI APPRAISAL OF BEAR POPULATIONS BASED ON INFORMATION FROM MOOSE HUNTERS II. HEDMARK 1976-1978. SO Fauna (Oslo) 44 (4). 1991. 275-284. KW DOG ANIMAL DISTRIBUTION FOREST BOG TRYSIL ENGERDAL AMOT RENDALEN NORWAY. CC *Ecology; Environmental Biology/General; Methods [07502] *Ecology; Environmental Biology/Animal [07508] *Forestry and Forest Products [53500] *Animal Distribution (1971- ) [62800] Social Biology; Human Ecology [05500] BC Biosystematic Codes/Super Taxonomic Groups: Cervidae [85725] Canidae [85765] Ursidae [85790] Hominidae [86215] Animals. Chordates. Vertebrates. Nonhuman Vertebrates. Mammals. Nonhuman Mammals. Artiodactyls. Carnivores. Primates. Humans. AB This article appraises the bear population in Hedmark, South Norway, based on information from moose hunters. Questionnaires were sent to all hunting parties in 15 of Hedmark's 22 municipalities each of the years 1976-78. During these three years, a total of 1318 parties returned the questionnaire, 484 from the bear core area (Tab. 1). Sixty-two parties had observed either bears, tracks or signs (Tab. 2); observations were unevenly distributed over large parts of Hedmark (Fig. 1). The number of hunter-days per observation was two times higher in the marginal versus the core area (Tab. 2). The core area of the bear distribution encompasses Trysil, Engerdal, .ANG.mot and Rendalen municipalities, though the distribution is continuous through Hedmark to Oppland County's border. In addition, scattered observations were also made to the south (Elverum, Valer) and north (Tynset, Tolga). Four observations, three of bears chased with dogs without being sighted, 33 tracks and 16 signs were recorded. Six informants reported activity areas with many signs. The highest frequency of bear observations is reported from municipalities with a combination of large forests and bog areas (moose habitat), large tracts of productive forest, and a significant portion of mountainous forest and treeline areas. The distribution and type of observation (Tab. 3) are evaluated and discussed relative to habitat data from the municipalities (Tab. 4). LG Norwegian. PT Article. UP 9200 YR 1991 9 of 14 AN 093075370 AU Gasaway W C. Boertje R D. Grangaard D V. Kelleyhouse D G. Stephenson R O. Larsen D G. IN ALASKA DEP. FISH GAME, 1300 COLLEGE RD., FAIRBANKS, ALASKA 99701. TI THE ROLE OF PREDATION IN LIMITING MOOSE AT LOW DENSITIES IN ALASKA AND YUKON AND IMPLICATIONS FOR CONSERVATION. SO Wildlife Monographs (120). 1992. 5-59. KW ALCES-ALCES CANIS-LUPUS URSUS-ARCTOS URSUS-AMERICANUS HARVEST YIELD POPULATION DYNAMICS PREDATOR REDUCTION WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT USA CANADA. CC *General Biology/Conservation, Resource Management [00512] *Ecology; Environmental Biology/Wildlife Management-Terrestrial [07518] *Chordata, General and Systematic Zoology/Mammalia [62520] BC Biosystematic Codes/Super Taxonomic Groups: Cervidae [85725] Canidae [85765] Ursidae [85790] Animals. Chordates. Vertebrates. Nonhuman Vertebrates. Mammals. Nonhuman Mammals. Artiodactyls. Carnivores. AB We address 3 major questions facing wildlife managers and wildlife users of nothern ecosystems: (1) Why do moose (Alces alces) often remain at low densities relative to K carrying capacity (KCC) in lightly harvested systems. (2) What is the range of potential moose harvest yields from these northern systems. and (3) What are some steps that can reduce the controversy over management of moose, wolves (Cantus lupus), and bears (Ursus arctos and U. americanus). We assessed the roles that nutrition, snow, harvest, disease, and predation played in limiting moose densities in a 9,700-km2 area in east-central Alaska USA during 1948-88. Our intensive study occurred during 1981-88, and we reviewed and reanalyzed historical data. We also present published and unpublished moose, wolf, and bear inventory data and moose harvest data from 35 other areas. We identified predation by wolves and bears as the major factor limiting moose at low densities in the experimental area during 1976-88. Moose errupted simultaneously with a predator reduction program (1948-60) that included poisoning. The subsequent decline of moose ended about 1976, at which time wolves declined and survival of moose increased. During the mid-1980's and after the recent wolf reduction (1981-83), we estimated that predators annually killed 31% of the postcalving moose population, compared with 6% killed by factors other than predation and 1.5% by humans. We conclude that mortality due to predation had a substantial additive component during the low-density phase. Data from throughout Alaska and Yukon indicate that where wolves and bears were near KCC and moose were a primary prey, moose populations were within a low-density dynamic equilibrium (LDDE) (.hivin.x = 148, range = 45-147 moose/1,000 km2 of moose habitat). Moose usually attained elevated densities (.hivin.x = 663, range= 169-1,447 moose/1,000 km2) where humans held wolves and/or bears below KCC. These elevated moose populations yielded approximate sustainable harvests of 20-130 moose/1,000 km3 compared with 0-18/1,000 km2 in systems with predators near KCC. We describe several options and recommendations aimed at reducing the controversy over managing predation to elevate moose harvest. One management option, after moose reach elevated levels, is to maintain wolves at densities found in systems without predation management. Greater public participation in the development of wildife management plans is recommended if conservationists are to unite in addressing the most serious long-term threat to moose-wolf-bear systems, i.e. the loss of habitat. LG English. PT Article. IS 0084-0173 UP 9200 YR 1992 10 of 14 AN 041124089 AU Ballard W B. IN SCH. RENEWABLE NATURAL RESOURCES, UNIV. ARIZ., TUCSON, ARIZ. TI MANAGEMENT OF PREDATORS AND THEIR PREY THE ALASKAN USA EXPERIENCE. SO MCCABE, R. E. (ED.). TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE, 56; MEETING, EDMONTON, ALBERTA, CANADA, MARCH 17-22, 1991. XI+665P. WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE: WASHINGTON, D.C., USA. ILLUS. MAPS. PAPER. 1991. 527-538. KW CANIS-LUPUS URSUS-ARCTOS URSUS-AMERICANUS ALCES-ALCES RANGIFER-TARANDUS WOLF BEAR MOOSE CARIBOU PREDATOR CONTROL WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT. CC *General Biology/Conservation, Resource Management [00512] *Ecology; Environmental Biology/Wildlife Management-Terrestrial [07518] *Chordata, General and Systematic Zoology/Mammalia [62520] General Biology/Symposia, Transactions and Proceedings of Conferences, Congresses, Review Annuals [00520] BC Biosystematic Codes/Super Taxonomic Groups: Cervidae [85725] Canidae [85765] Ursidae [85790] Animals. Chordates. Vertebrates. Nonhuman Vertebrates. Mammals. Nonhuman Mammals. Artiodactyls. Carnivores. LG English. PT Meeting. UP 9100 YR 1991 11 of 14 AN 091127665 AU Korablev P N. Likhotop R I. IN CENT.-FOR. BIOSPHERE RESERVE, TVERSK OBL., USSR. TI ASYMMETRY IN THE MAMMALIAN SKULL. SO Vestnik Zoologii (5). 1990. 52-58. KW MOOSE BOAR MONGOLIAN GAZELLE WOLF WILDCAT WHITE POLAR BEAR SEA OTTER EUROPEAN POLECAT DESCRIPTION BILATERAL SYMMETRY FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY MUSCLE FUNCTION LOSS. CC *Anatomy and Histology, General and Comparative/Gross Anatomy [11102] *Chordate Body Regions/Head (1970- ) [11304] *Muscle/Physiology and Biochemistry [17504] *Bones, Joints, Fasciae, Connective and Adipose Tissue/Anatomy [18002] *Chordata, General and Systematic Zoology/Mammalia [62520] BC Biosystematic Codes/Super Taxonomic Groups: Bovidae [85715] Cervidae [85725] Suidae [85740] Canidae [85765] Felidae [85770] Mustelidae [85780] Ursidae [85790] Animals. Chordates. Vertebrates. Nonhuman Vertebrates. Mammals. Nonhuman Mammals. Artiodactyls. Carnivores. AB Cases of asymmetry in the skulls of some mammal species were described. Particular emphasis was placed on the systematization of the manifestations of asymmetry based on their causes and phenomenology. The material studied was comprised of moose, boar, Mongolian gazelle, wolf, wild cat, white polar bear, sea otter, and European polecat skulls. Based on analysis of the skulls, two types of asymmetry were identified. Either full or partial loss of muscle function on one side of the skull can result in "general" asymmetry. "Fluctuating" asymetry of bilateral structures is manifested by slight, nondirectional deviation of individual morphological structures from exact bilateral symmetry. LG RUSSIAN. PT Article. UP 9100 YR 1990 12 of 14 AN 091083197 AU Schwartz C C. Franzmann A W. IN ALASKA DEP. FISH GAME, MOOSE RESEARCH CENTER, SOLDOTNA, ALASKA 99669. TI INTERRELATIONSHIP OF BLACK BEARS TO MOOSE AND FOREST SUCCESSION IN THE NORTHERN CONIFEROUS FOREST USA. SO Wildlife Monographs (113). 1991. 1-58. KW URSUS-AMERICANUS VACCINIUM-VITIS-IDAEA ALCES-ALCES OPOPANAX-HORRIDUS URSUS-ARCTOS BURNED FOREST STAND DIET REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE SURVIVAL RATE NEONATAL PREDATION POPULATION STUDY KENAI PENINSULA ALASKA USA. CC *Behavioral Biology/Animal Behavior [07003] *Ecology; Environmental Biology/Plant [07506] *Ecology; Environmental Biology/Animal [07508] *Nutrition/General Studies, Nutritional Status and Methods [13202] *Reproductive System/General; Methods [16501] *Forestry and Forest Products [53500] External Effects/Temperature as a Primary Variable-Hot (1971- ) [10618] BC Biosystematic Codes/Super Taxonomic Groups: Ericaceae [26035] Umbelliferae [26915] Cervidae [85725] Ursidae [85790] Plants. Vascular Plants. Spermatophytes. Angiosperms. Dicots. Animals. Chordates. Vertebrates. Nonhuman Vertebrates. Mammals. Nonhuman Mammals. Artiodactyls. Carnivores. AB We compared characteristics of 2 black bear (Ursus americanus) populations living in middle-aged (1947 burn area) and recent (1969 burn area) burned forest stands on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, during 1982-87. Densities of bears on the 1947 (205 bears/1,000 km2) and 1969 (265 bears/1,000 km2) burn areas were similar. Sex ratios of the 2 populations were not different (P = 0.478), but there were significantly more (P = 0.007) females than males in both areas. Age structures of the population were different (P = 0.003). There were more yearlings in the 1969 burn area due to higher cub production and survival. Female bears in the 1947 burn bred at a later age (P = 0.03) (5.8 yrs) than females in the 1969 burn (4.6 yrs). Females in the 1947 burn also had a longer interval between succesful weaning of yearlings (P = 0.03) (2.4 yrs) than females in the 1969 burn (2.0 yrs). Weights of adult females and yearlings in the 1947 burn area were significantly less (P < 0.001) than those in the 1969 burn area. Food habits and food abundance in the 2 areas were similar except that bears in the 1947 burn area consumed more lowbush cranberry (Vaccinium vitis-idea) and bears in the 1969 bur n area consumed approximately 4 times more moose calves (Alces alces) per individual. Most bears in both areas migrated each summer from their traditional use areas to old-growth forest where they consumed American devilsclub (Opopanax horridus) fruit. Timing of migration and length of stay in American devisclub stands were related to fruit abundance. Estimates of survival using the Kaplan-Meier procedure were significantly lower (P = 0.05) for cubs in the 1947 burn (0.74) than in the 1969 burn (0.91) but higher for subadult females in the 1947 burn. Survival was not different for all other age and sex classes of bears. Human, primarily hunters, caused 85% of the deaths (n = 35) in the 1969 burn, but only 52% (n = 31) in the 1947 burn, where there also was significant mortality from black bears (13%) and brown bears (U. arctos) (10%). Vigor of black bears was linked to moose abundance. The superior growth and reproduction of black bears in the 1969 burn was attributed to a greater consumption of moose calves. Our findings demonstrated a link between neonatal predation and demographics of bear populations. LG English. PT Article. IS 0084-0173 UP 9100 YR 1991 13 of 14 AN 040066878 AU Bouchard R. TI BIG GAME IN QUEBEC IN 1989 EXPLOITATION BY HUNTING AND MORTALITY DUE TO VARIOUS CAUSES. SO BOUCHARD, R. GROS GIBIER AU QUEBEC EN 1989: EXPLOITATION PAR LA CHASSE ET MORTALITE PAR DES CAUSES DIVERSES; (BIG GAME IN QUEBEC IN 1989: EXPLOITATION BY HUNTING AND MORTALITY DUE TO VARIOUS CAUSES). VIII+50P. MINISTERE DU LOISIR, DE LA CHASSE ET DE LA PECHE: QUEBEC, CANADA. ILLUS. MAPS. PAPER. ISBN 2-550-21046-8. 1990. VIII+50P. KW BOOK ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS RANGIFER-TARANDUS URSUS-AMERICANUS ALCES-ALCES TRAPPING POACHING ACCIDENTS CANADA. CC *Ecology; Environmental Biology/Animal [07508] *Ecology; Environmental Biology/Wildlife Management-Terrestrial [07518] *Pathology, General and Miscellaneous/Necrosis (1971- ) [12510] *Chordata, General and Systematic Zoology/Mammalia [62520] BC Biosystematic Codes/Super Taxonomic Groups: Spirochetes-Unspecified (1979-91) [04500] Cervidae [85725] Ursidae [85790] Microorganisms. Bacteria. Animals. Chordates. Vertebrates. Nonhuman Vertebrates. Mammals. Nonhuman Mammals. Artiodactyls. Carnivores. AB Four species of large game are hunted in Quebec, the American moose (Alces alces), the Virginia deer (Odocoileus virginianus), the caribou (Rangifer tarandus) and the black bear (Ursus americanus). These animals represent a renewable resource for Quebec which must be managed rationally. This volume assesses mortality due to hunting, trapping, poaching and accidents. Maps and tables supplement the text. LG French. PT Book. UP 9100 YR 1990 14 of 14 AN 038035135 AU Bouchard R. TI BIG GAME IN QUEBEC IN 1988 EXPLOITATION BY HUNTING AND MORTALITY DUE TO VARIOUS CAUSES. SO BOUCHARD, R. GROS GIBIER AU QUEBEC EN 1988 (EXPLOITATION PAR LA CHASSE ET MORTALITE PAR DES CAUSES DIVERSES); (BIG GAME IN QUEBEC IN 1988 (EXPLOITATION BY HUNTING AND MORTALITY DUE TO VARIOUS CAUSES)). VIII+46P. MINISTERE DU LOISIR, DE LA CHASSE ET DE LA PECHE: QUEBEC, CANADA. ILLUS. MAPS. PAPER. ISBN 2-550-201-68-X. 1989. VIII+46P. KW BOOK AMERICAN MOOSE WHITE-TAILED DEER CARIBOU BLACK BEAR. CC *Ecology; Environmental Biology/Animal [07508] *Ecology; Environmental Biology/Wildlife Management-Terrestrial [07518] *Pathology, General and Miscellaneous/Necrosis (1971- ) [12510] General Biology/Institutions, Administration and Legislation [00508] BC Biosystematic Codes/Super Taxonomic Groups: Cervidae [85725] Ursidae [85790] Animals. Chordates. Vertebrates. Nonhuman Vertebrates. Mammals. Nonhuman Mammals. Artiodactyls. Carnivores. AB Data on the distribution, age, sex and cause of death was collected for 4 big game species in Quebec, Canada: the American moose, the white-tailed deer, the caribou and the black bear. Data was collected from hunting records and records of animals killed by other means such as poaching, predation and road accidents. Numerous tables supplement the text. LG French. PT Book. UP 9000 YR 1989 End of documents Search mode - Enter query 4_: krebbs cys adj cycle RESULT 1 DOCUMENTS 5_: krebbs RESULT 2 DOCUMENTS 6_: ..pc all/all Using set number 5 1 of 2 AN 093073833 AU Soncul H. Gokgoz L. Karasu C. Ayrancioglu K. Ersoz A. Altan M. Yener A. IN HURRIYET ADDESI 134/6, DIKMEN, 06460 ANKARA, TURKEY. TI COMPARISON OF POTASSIUM AND ADENOSINE CARDIOPLEGIA WITH OR WITHOUT VERAPAMIL IN THE ISOLATED GUINEA-PIG HEART. SO General Pharmacology 23 (1). 1992. 89-94. KW CARDIAC ARREST POSTISCHEMIC RECOVERY CARDIAC SURGERY THERAPEUTIC METHOD. CC *Anatomy and Histology, General and Comparative/Surgery [11105] *Pathology, General and Miscellaneous/Therapy (1971- ) [12512] *Cardiovascular System/General; Methods [14501] *Cardiovascular System/Heart Pathology [14506] *Cardiovascular System/Blood Vessel Pathology [14508] *Muscle/Pathology [17506] *Pharmacology/Cardiovascular System [22010] Biochemical Studies/Nucleic Acids, Purines and Pyrimidines [10062] Biochemical Studies/Minerals [10069] BC Biosystematic Codes/Super Taxonomic Groups: Caviidae [86300] Animals. Chordates. Vertebrates. Nonhuman Vertebrates. Mammals. Nonhuman Mammals. Rodents. AB 1. The cardioprotective effects of adenosine cardioplegia and classical potassium cardioplegia with or without adding verapamil were investigated in isolated guinea pig heart. 2. Four different cardioplegic solutions were used to arrest the hearts which were previously perfused by Krebbs-Henseleit solution. (A) potassium 20 mMol/l. (B) Potassium 20 mMol/l+verapamil l micromol/l. (C) Adenosine 10 mmol/l. (D) Adenosine 10 mMol/l + verapamil 1 microgram/l. 3. Both of the adenosine-containing solutions shortened the arrest time and maintained better postischemic recovery according to the potassium cardioplegia. 4. A rapid cardiac arrest was observed when verapamil was added to cardioplegic solutions, on the contrary there was no significant effect on postischemic recovery. LG English. PT Article. IS 0306-3623 UP 9200 YR 1992 2 of 2 AN 092055678 AU Rozanov V A. Fan Van Tyi. Gerasimyak G R. Lyubarev A E. Kurganov B I. Rozanov A Ya. IN ALL-UNION RES. INST. HYG. WATER TRANSPORT, ODESSA, USSR. TI SUPERMOLECULAR ORGANIZATION OF AMINOTRANSFERASES AND DEHYDROGENASES OF ALPHA KETOACIDS OF RAT BRAIN MITOCHONDRIA. SO Ukrainskii Biokhimicheskii Zhurnal 63 (2). 1991. 66-71. KW METABOLONES. CC *Cytology and Cytochemistry/Animal [02506] *Enzymes/Physiological Studies [10808] *Metabolism/Proteins, Peptides and Amino Acids [13012] *Nervous System/Physiology and Biochemistry [20504] Biochemical Studies/Proteins, Peptides and Amino Acids [10064] BC Biosystematic Codes/Super Taxonomic Groups: Muridae [86375] Animals. Chordates. Vertebrates. Nonhuman Vertebrates. Mammals. Nonhuman Mammals. Rodents. AB A fraction of coarse mitochondria from the rat brain was deposited after short-term effect of supersound to obtain "metabolones". Activity of dehydrogenases of .alpha.-ketoacids, succinate dehydrogenase, aspartate-, alanine- and GABA-.alpha.-ketoglutarate aminotransferases has been determined in the supernatant liquid and in "metabolones". It is shown that dehydrogenase activity is mainly (93-100%) localized in "metabolones", while the level of aminotransferase activity in the latter is lower (72.94%). Nonproportionally high activity of aminotransferases in the supernatant liquid is found to considerably surpass a decrease in activity of these enzymes in "metabolones" against a background of extremely scanty losses of protein (within 5%) induced by the supersound effect. A hypothetic model of a "metabolone" containing the enzymes of the Krebbs cycle and GABA-shunt is suggested. LG RUSSIAN. PT Article. IS 0201-8470 UP 9100 YR 1991 End of documents Search mode - Enter query 6_: rab s RESULT 86404 DOCUMENTS 7_: snake RESULT 2142 DOCUMENTS 8_: eggs RESULT 12489 DOCUMENTS 9_: snake and egs gs RESULT 30 DOCUMENTS 10_: ..ppc c all/1-15 Using set number 9 1 of 30 AN 097187191 JA Biological Abstracts Vol. 097 Iss. 009 Ref. 120861 AU Shiroma H. IN Dep. Habu, Okinawa Prefectural Inst. Public Health, 2003 Ozato, Ozato Village, Okinawa 901-12, JAP. TI Follicular growth and fat body cycle of female Habus, Trimeresurus flavoviridis, in the Okinawa Islands. SO Japanese Journal of Herpetology 15 (2). 1993. 53-58. KW RESEARCH ARTICLE. TRIMERESURUS FLAVOVIRIDIS. OVA. OVULATION. SIZE AT MATURITY. JAPAN. CC *Circadian Rhythms and Other Periodic Cycles [07200] *Ecology; Environmental Biology/Animal [07508] *Metabolism/Lipids [13006] *Reproductive System/Anatomy [16502] *Reproductive System/Physiology and Biochemistry [16504] *Bones, Joints, Fasciae, Connective and Adipose Tissue/Physiology and Biochemistry [18004] *Developmental Biology/Embryology-Morphogenesis, General [25508] BC Biosystematic Codes/Super Taxonomic Groups: Serpentes [85410] Animals. Chordates. Vertebrates. Nonhuman Vertebrates. Reptiles. AB Follicular and fat body cycles in female Habus, Trimeresurus flavoviridis, were studied in 70 specimens collected in the Okinawa Islands between 1984 and 1987. Secondary vitellogenesis of this snake was recognized by containing follicles larger than 10 mm in length. Secondary vitellogenesis began in October. The follicles with secondary vitellogenesis grew slowly until April and enlarged notably between May and June. During June, the follicles released their ova after they reached about 60 mm in length. The relative fat body weight in reproductive females increased between October and December, reached the maximum level (9.2%) between January and April, and then decreased to the minimum level (4.6%) between May and June. Some of the eggs ovulated from the ovaries frequently moved to the contralateral oviducts. It was confirmed by analyzing the follicular size that females mature at approximately 90 cm in SVL. LG English. PT Article. UP 9417 YR 1993 2 of 30 AN 097170056 JA Biological Abstracts Vol. 097 Iss. 008 Ref. 103726 AU Coleman K. Rothfuss L A. Ota H. Kardong K V. IN Dep. Psychol., Univ. Georgia, Athens, GA 30606, USA. TI Kinematics of egg-eating by the specialized Taiwan snake Oligodon formosanus (Colubridae). SO Journal of Herpetology 27 (3). 1993. 320-327. KW RESEARCH ARTICLE. OLIGODON FORMOSANUS. BEHAVIOR. TEETH. MAXILLARY BONE. PALATOMAXILLARY ARCH. CC *Behavioral Biology/Animal Behavior [07003] *Ecology; Environmental Biology/Animal [07508] *Nutrition/General Studies, Nutritional Status and Methods [13202] *Dental and Oral Biology/Anatomy [19002] BC Biosystematic Codes/Super Taxonomic Groups: Serpentes [85410] Animals. Chordates. Vertebrates. Nonhuman Vertebrates. Reptiles. AB The Taiwan colubrid snake Oligodon formosanus feeds almost exclusively upon the eggs of other reptiles. Snakes that specialize on the eggs of birds usually swallow eggs whole then crush them. Oligodon instead uses enlarged, blade-like rear maxillary teeth to make repeated slashes in the leathery egg shell, inserts its head, and swallows the yolk. The mechanics of cutting involve cycles of extreme displacement of the maxillary bone, whose blade-like teeth are swung in arcs to make ever deeper slashes in the shell until a slit is formed. The cycles during cutting involve protraction, engagement, and retraction of the palatomaxillary arch of one side while the contralateral jaws maintain a continuous hold on the egg surface. The slit is enlarged by repeated cutting motions until the snake can push its head through this opening and into the interior of the egg, where it swallows the yolk and young embryo. The basic feeding behavior of colubrids has been modified in O. formosanus in two ways. First, the reciprocating, unilateral pattern has become repeating and unilateral. Second, palatomaxillary arch displacements characteristically arising during deglutition in other colubrids arise earlier in feeding by O. formosanus during egg opening. The egg-eating specializations of O. formosanus give it access to an energy rich food (yolk) and to a wider range of foods (small to large eggs) than are available to generalized snakes of similar size. LG English. PT Article. IS 0022-1511 UP 9416 YR 1993 3 of 30 AN 097136626 JA Biological Abstracts Vol. 097 Iss. 007 Ref. 086499 AU Rasmussen J B. IN Zool. Mus., Univ. Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, DEN. TI The current taxonomic status of Tornier's cat-snake (Crotaphopeltis tornieri). SO Amphibia-Reptilia 14 (4). 1993. 395-409. KW RESEARCH ARTICLE. CROTAPHOPELTIS TORNIERI new record. DESCRIPTION. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. TANZANIA. CC *General Biology/Taxonomy, Nomenclature and Terminology [00504] *Anatomy and Histology, General and Comparative/Gross Anatomy [11102] *Chordata, General and Systematic Zoology/Reptilia [62516] *Animal Distribution (1971- ) [62800] BC Biosystematic Codes/Super Taxonomic Groups: Serpentes [85410] Animals. Chordates. Vertebrates. Nonhuman Vertebrates. Reptiles. AB The recent collection of more than 50 specimens and more than 140 eggs of Tornier's catsnake, Crotaphopeltis tornieri, together with an examination of material already deposited in various museums provides new records outside the previously known geographical range. Variation in external and internal characters has been examined and the results have been analyzed. In regard to several characters, including the internal ones, the population of the East Usambara Mountains in Tanzania is significantly different from the population of the West Usambara Mountains, probably indicating an early vicariance event between the two areas. Due to the lack of data relating to internal characters, the affinities of the populations further south remain obscure, and no nomenclatural conclusions have so far been reached. The recently acquired specimens provide new information on the natural history of the species. LG English. PT Article. UP 9413 YR 1993 4 of 30 AN 097120477 JA Biological Abstracts Vol. 097 Iss. 006 Ref. 070352 AU Janeiro-Cinquini T R F. Leinz F F. Farias E C. IN Lab. Herpetol., Inst. Butantan. Av. Vital Brasil 1500, CEP 05503-900, S. Paulo, BRZ. TI Ovarian cycle of the snake Bothrops jararaca. SO Memorias do Instituto Butantan (Sao Paulo) 55 (1). 1993. 33-36. KW RESEARCH ARTICLE. BOTHROPS JARARACA. OVARIAN FOLLICLE. EGG. VITELLOGENESIS. OVULATION. PREGNANCY. SEASONALITY. CC *Circadian Rhythms and Other Periodic Cycles [07200] *Ecology; Environmental Biology/Animal [07508] *Metabolism/Proteins, Peptides and Amino Acids [13012] *Reproductive System/Physiology and Biochemistry [16504] *Developmental Biology/Embryology-General and Descriptive [25502] *Developmental Biology/Embryology-Morphogenesis, General [25508] Biochemical Studies/Proteins, Peptides and Amino Acids [10064] BC Biosystematic Codes/Super Taxonomic Groups: Serpentes [85410] Animals. Chordates. Vertebrates. Nonhuman Vertebrates. Reptiles. AB The reproductive cycle of Bothrops jararaca was studied through the observation of the ovarian follicles and eggs of 111 snakes during the period of one year. Vitellogenesis was observed during Autumn and Winter, and ovulation probably occurred at the beginning of Spring. Pregnancy was verified from November to March. The smallest gravid female measured 76.0 cm in snout-vent length. LG English. PT Article. UP 9412 YR 1993 5 of 30 AN 097070937 JA Biological Abstracts Vol. 097 Iss. 004 Ref. 038442 AU Zug G R. Ineich I. IN Dep. Vertebrate Zool., Natl. Mus. Natural History, Washington, DC 20560, USA. TI Review of the biology and morphology of the Fijian bola Ogmodon vitianus (Elapidae). SO Snake 25 (1). 1993. 9-20. KW JOURNAL ARTICLE. OGMODON VITIANUS. EARTHWORMS. FOSSORIAL. DIET. SEXUAL MATURITY. MORPHOLOGY. DIMORPHISM. CC *Genetics and Cytogenetics/Sex Differences [03510] *Subterranean Bioresearch (1972- ) [06400] *Behavioral Biology/Animal Behavior [07003] *Ecology; Environmental Biology/Animal [07508] *Anatomy and Histology, General and Comparative/Gross Anatomy [11102] *Reproductive System/Physiology and Biochemistry [16504] *Chordata, General and Systematic Zoology/Reptilia [62516] Nutrition/General Dietary Studies [13214] Invertebrata, Comparative and Experimental Morphology, Physiology and Pathology/Annelida [64030] BC Biosystematic Codes/Super Taxonomic Groups: Oligochaeta [65400] Serpentes [85410] Animals. Invertebrates. Annelids. Chordates. Vertebrates. Nonhuman Vertebrates. Reptiles. AB The Fijian ground snake or bola is a small elapid occurring only on Viti Levu. Recent field work and examination of all known museum specimens show that the known distribution of Ogmodon vitianus is further limited to two adjacent watersheds in southeastern Viti Levu, perhaps because this has been the only area searched by biologists. The bola is a fossorial snake, found in forest soils of mountain valleys. It eats earthworms and soft-bodies insects and their larvae. Both females and males appear to attain sexual maturity between 180-200 mm SVL; females produce two or three ellipsoidal eggs (5-8 times 11-17 mm). Color pattern changes ontogenetically; a white nape spot gradually disappears with maturity. Morphometric and scale variation is low and only the number of subcaudal scales, eye diameter, and snout-eye length show statistical evidence of sexual dimorphism in adults. Males have a higher incidence of fusion of the preocular and adjacent supralabial scale. LG English. PT Article. UP 9408 YR 1993 6 of 30 AN 097002182 JA Biological Abstracts Vol. 097 Iss. 001 Ref. 001916 AU Lopez T J. Maxson L R. Dowling H G. IN Dep. Biology, Inst. Molecular Evolutionary Genetics, Penn State Univ., University Park, PA 16802, USA. TI Phylogenetic relationships of the African egg-eating snake Dasypeltis scabra. SO Amphibia-Reptilia 14 (3). 1993. 223-236. KW RESEARCH ARTICLE. DASYPELTIS SCABRA. MORPHOLOGY. ADAPTATION. DIET SPECIALIZATION. POPULATION GENETICS. CC *Evolution [01500] *Genetics and Cytogenetics/Animal [03506] *Genetics and Cytogenetics/Population Genetics (1972- ) [03509] *Anatomy and Histology, General and Comparative/Gross Anatomy [11102] *Nutrition/General Studies, Nutritional Status and Methods [13202] *Chordata, General and Systematic Zoology/Reptilia [62516] Anatomy and Histology, General and Comparative/Comparative Anatomy (1971- ) [11103] BC Biosystematic Codes/Super Taxonomic Groups: Serpentes [85410] Animals. Chordates. Vertebrates. Nonhuman Vertebrates. Reptiles. AB The unusual morphological adaptations associated with specialization on a diet of eggs have been used as evidence to justify familial or subfamilial status for the egg-eating snakes, including the African genus Dasypeltis. We evaluate the phylogenetic relationships of Dasypeltis scabra by comparing albumin evolution in Dasypeltis and available representative colubrine taxa using the quantitative immunological technique of micro-complement fixation. We find that Dasypeltis scabra is included among a large colubrine assemblage containing racers (Coluber, Masticophis, Spalerosophis, and Ptyas), the ratsnake Elaphe, and the kingsnake Lampropeltis. Further, these data suggest that Dasypeltis is genetically most similar to some members of a racer lineage and arose from an ancestral colubrine stock as early as ten million years ago. LG English. PT Article. UP 9401 YR 1993 7 of 30 AN 095013744 AU Schaub R. Mumme R L. Woolfenden G E. IN BIONETICS CORP., B10-2, KENNEDY SPACE CENT., FLA. 32899. TI PREDATION ON THE EGGS AND NESTLINGS OF FLORIDA SCRUB JAYS. SO Auk 109 (3). 1992. 585-593. KW APHELOCOMA-COERULESCENS-COERULESCENS SNAKE BIRD HELPER BEHAVIOR FLORIDA USA. CC *Behavioral Biology/Animal Behavior [07003] *Ecology; Environmental Biology/Animal [07508] *Nutrition/General Studies, Nutritional Status and Methods [13202] *Chordata, General and Systematic Zoology/Aves [62518] BC Biosystematic Codes/Super Taxonomic Groups: Serpentes [85410] Aves-Unspecified [85500] Passeriformes [85548] Animals. Chordates. Vertebrates. Nonhuman Vertebrates. Reptiles. Birds. AB We investigated nest predation in a population of Florida Scrub Jays (Aphelocoma c. coerulescens) at Archbold Biological Station, Lake Placid, Florida USA. Frequency of nest visits by investigators did not influence predation rates. Nest predation increased as the breeding season progressed and occurred most often during daylight hours. When seasonal effects were held constant, nestlings were depredated more often than eggs, and young nestlings were depredated more often than old nestlings. Several lines of evidence indicated that, for Florida Scrub Jays, diurnal snakes and birds were the most important nest predators, while nocturnal mammals were relatively less important. Late in the breeding season, pairs with helpers experienced less nest predation than pairs without helpers. This effect was primarily the result of reduced predation on nestlings. LG English. PT Article. IS 0004-8038 UP 9300 YR 1992 8 of 30 AN 095002594 AU Eichholz M W. Koenig W D. IN HASTINGS RESERVATION, UNIV. CALIF., 38601 EAST CARMEL VALLEY ROAD, CARMEL VALLEY, CALIF. 93224, USA. TI GOPHER SNAKE ATTRACTION TO BIRDS' NESTS. SO Southwestern Naturalist 37 (3). 1992. 293-298. KW PITUOPHIS-CATENIFER PITUOPHIS-MELANOLEUCUS LAMPROPELTIS-GETULUS SIALIA-MEXICANA PREDATION. CC *Behavioral Biology/Animal Behavior [07003] *Ecology; Environmental Biology/Animal [07508] BC Biosystematic Codes/Super Taxonomic Groups: Serpentes [85410] Passeriformes [85548] Animals. Chordates. Vertebrates. Nonhuman Vertebrates. Reptiles. Birds. AB Snakes, primarily gopher snakes (Pituophis catenifer, formerly P. melanleucus) but also common kingsnakes (Lampropeltis getulus), commonly depradate nests of western bluebirds (Sialia mexicana) and other avian species at Hastings Reservation in central coastal California. Snakes preferentially climb trees containing active nests of western bluebirds situated in artificial nestboxes. Snakes rarely attack nests containing eggs, and attractiveness appears to increase with nestling age. LG English. PT Article. IS 0038-4909 UP 9300 YR 1992 9 of 30 AN 096133735 AU Heimes P. Waitzmann M. IN WURZERSTR. 33, D W -5300 BONN 2, GERMANY. TI THE AESCULAPIAN SNAKE ELAPHE-LONGISSIMA LAURENTI 1768 IN GERMANY REPTILIA SERPENTES COLUBRIDAE. SO Zoologische Abhandlungen (Dresden) 47 (9-17). 1993. 157-192. KW LACERTA-VIRIDIS PODARCIS-MURALIS LACERTA-VIVIPARA LACERTA-AGILIS NATRIX-NATRIX CORONELLA-AUSTRIACA HABITAT ZOOGEOGRAPHY. CC *Ecology; Environmental Biology/Animal [07508] *Chordata, General and Systematic Zoology/Reptilia [62516] *Animal Distribution (1971- ) [62800] BC Biosystematic Codes/Super Taxonomic Groups: Sauria [85408] Serpentes [85410] Animals. Chordates. Vertebrates. Nonhuman Vertebrates. Reptiles. AB The Aesculapian snake (Elaphe longissima) has a wide distribution in southern and southeastern parts of the European continent and is also known from northern regions of Asia Minor. A few geographically isolated populations are still existing at the northern margin of its distribution in Central Europe, four of them in Germany. The two localities in Bavaria near Passau on the Danube and Burghausen on the lower Salzach are linked to the distribution area in south-eastern Europe, while the origin of the two populations in West Germany (Rheingau-Taunus and Neckar-Odenwald) is not still clarified. The Rhine valley is supposed to have been the route of migration during the postglacial epoch. A supposed population near Lorrach in the Wiese valley (Baden) was mentioned by several authors but it has never been verified. The population at Schlitz in upper Hessen which has descended from specimens collected at Schlangenbad during 1853/54 and subsequently released at Schlitz, seems to exist no longer after there were no more observations of specimens during the last 20 years. Variations in morphological characters between the western and south-eastern populations of Germany could not be found. There are no differences in the numbers of subcaudals and ventrals. The most conspicuous habitats in Central Europe are settlements where the Aesculapian snake can be found in gardens, cellars and under the roofs of barns. Old walls in gardens and vineyards are also preferred hiding places. Other localities are deciduous forest borders, shrubby and lightly wooded areas and meadow lands. Elaphe longissima seems to avoid arid regions. Cohabiting lizards in Germany are the Green lizard (Lacerta viridis) and the Common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis) as well as the Viviparous lizard (Lacerta vivipara) and the Sand lizard (Lacerta agilis). Cohabiting snakes are the Grass snake (Natrix natrix) and the Smooth snake (Coronella austriaca). Hibernation normally lasts from the end of August to the beginning of May. Clutches were found in compost heaps, manure and also in stables, even piles of many clutches with more than 100 eggs were discovered in the Rheingau-Taunus and on the lower Salzach. LG German. PT Article. UP 9300 YR 1993 10 of 30 AN 096052840 AU Kunert J. Chmelik P. Bic V. IN INST. BIOL., MED. FAC., PALACKY UNIV., HNEVOTINSKA 3, CS-775 15, OLOMOUC, CZECH REPUBLIC. TI FUSARIUM-SOLANI INVADER OF THE OPHIDIAN EGGS OF ELAPHE-GUTTATA IN CAPTIVITY. SO Mycopathologia 122 (2). 1993. 65-68. KW CAPTIVE SNAKE BREEDING SNAKE EMBRYO MALNUTRITION PROTEOLYTIC ACTIVITY LIPOLYTIC ACTIVITY. CC *Nutrition/General Studies, Nutritional Status and Methods [13202] *Nutrition/Malnutrition; Obesity [13203] *Reproductive System/Pathology [16506] *Developmental Biology/Embryology-Experimental [25504] *Medical and Clinical Microbiology/Mycology [36008] *Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics/Metabolism [51519] Biochemical Studies/Proteins, Peptides and Amino Acids [10064] Biochemical Studies/Lipids [10066] Metabolism/Lipids [13006] Metabolism/Proteins, Peptides and Amino Acids [13012] BC Biosystematic Codes/Super Taxonomic Groups: Fungi Imperfecti or Deuteromycetes [15500] Serpentes [85410] Microorganisms. Plants. Nonvascular Plants. Fungi. Animals. Chordates. Vertebrates. Nonhuman Vertebrates. Reptiles. AB A typical strain of Fusarium solani invaded the fertile eggs of the snake Elaphe guttata L. causing malnutrition in the ophidian embryo. Experimental invasion by the mould was successful only in newly laid snake eggs. The isolate displayed strong proteolytic and lipolytic activity. LG English. PT Article. IS 0301-486X UP 9300 YR 1993 11 of 30 AN 096002235 AU Meyer R. Nagl W. IN DIV. CELL BIOL., KAISERSLAUTERN UNIV., P.O. BOX 3049, D-W-6750 KAISERSLAUTERN, GER. TI SOMATIC POLYPLOIDY IN EXTRAEMBRYONIC MEMBRANES OF THE SNAKE ELAPHE-GUTTATA. SO Protoplasma 172 (2-4). 1993. 132-135. KW ALLANTOIS CHORIOALLANTOIS YOLK SAC DNA. CC *Cytology and Cytochemistry/Animal [02506] *Genetics and Cytogenetics/Animal [03506] *Biochemical Studies/Nucleic Acids, Purines and Pyrimidines [10062] *Developmental Biology/Embryology-General and Descriptive [25502] Biophysics/Membrane Phenomena [10508] BC Biosystematic Codes/Super Taxonomic Groups: Serpentes [85410] Animals. Chordates. Vertebrates. Nonhuman Vertebrates. Reptiles. AB Video-densitometric DNA measurements of Feulgen-stained tissues of 42 day old eggs of the corn snake, Elaphe g. guttata (Columbridae, Serpentes), revealed a basic DNA content of 2C = 2.17 pg, with somatic polyploidy in the allantois, the chorioallontois, the yolk sac, and other extraembryonic membranes. The maximum value determined was 128C (in binucleate cells 2 .times. 128C) at the distal pole of the egg. This is the first report of somatic polyploidy in a snake, and one of the first in reptiles in general. LG English. PT Article. IS 0033-183X UP 9300 YR 1993 12 of 30 AN 095056228 AU Aldridge R D. Semlitsch R D. IN DEP. BIOL., SAINT LOUIS UNIV., ST. LOUIS, MO. 63103. TI FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF THE SOUTHEASTERN CROWNED SNAKE TANTILLA-SORONATA. SO Amphibia-Reptilia 13 (3). 1992. 209-218. KW SEXUAL MATURITY VITELLOGENESIS SEASONALITY OVIPOSITION OVARY FUNCTION BODY SIZE LITTER SIZE VITELLOGENIC FOLLICLE CORPORA LUTEA. CC *Ecology; Environmental Biology/Bioclimatology and Biometeorology [07504] *Anatomy and Histology, General and Comparative/Gross Anatomy [11102] *Reproductive System/Physiology and Biochemistry [16504] *Developmental Biology/Embryology-General and Descriptive [25502] *Developmental Biology/Embryology-Morphogenesis, General [25508] BC Biosystematic Codes/Super Taxonomic Groups: Serpentes [85410] Animals. Chordates. Vertebrates. Nonhuman Vertebrates. Reptiles. AB Female Tantilla coronata reach sexual maturity in the spring of their third calendar of life (about 21 months of age) at about 150 mm snout-vent length. Vitellogenesis occurs in the spring, ovulation in June and oviposition in June and early July. Both ovaries are fully functional despite the lack of a functional left oviduct. The number of vitellogenic follicles is correlated with snout-vent length, however, the number of eggs or corpora lutea are not correlated with snout-vent length. Mean litter size and percent of females reproductive varied between years. The difference in the expected litter size between snakes with vitellogenic follicles and snakes with oviductal eggs or corpora lutea is due to atresia of vitellogenic follicles. Coelomic fat mass of adults showed a significant negative correlation during the course of vitellogenesis. Fat mass increased significantly following oviposition, however, some females had low coelomic reserves in late summer. LG English. PT Article. UP 9300 YR 1992 13 of 30 AN 094093552 AU Brown E E. IN BOX 343, DAVIDSON, N.C. 28036. TI NOTES ON AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES OF THE WESTERN PIEDMONT OF NORTH CAROLINA. SO Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society 108 (1). 1992. 38-54. KW PSEUDOTRITON-MONTANUS KINOSTERNON-SUBRUBRUM CHRYSEMYS-PICTA STORERIA-DEKAYI THAMNOPHIS-SIRTALIS THAMNOPHIS-SAURITUS VIRGINIA-STRIATULA COLUBER-CONSTRICTOR ELAPHE-OBSOLETA LAMPROPELTIS-GETULUS LAMPROPELTIS-CALLIGASTER-RHOMBOMACULATA AGKISTRODON-CONTORTRIX NERODIA FOOD ITEMS REPRODUCTION BODY SIZE LIFE HISTORY USA. CC *Behavioral Biology/Animal Behavior [07003] *Ecology; Environmental Biology/Animal [07508] *Anatomy and Histology, General and Comparative/Gross Anatomy [11102] *Nutrition/General Dietary Studies [13214] *Reproductive System/General; Methods [16501] *Chordata, General and Systematic Zoology/Amphibia and Reptilia [62512] *Chordata, General and Systematic Zoology/Amphibia [62514] *Chordata, General and Systematic Zoology/Reptilia [62516] *Animal Distribution (1971- ) [62800] BC Biosystematic Codes/Super Taxonomic Groups: Caudata [85304] Chelonia [85402] Serpentes [85410] Animals. Chordates. Vertebrates. Nonhuman Vertebrates. Amphibians. Reptiles. AB Thirty amphibians and 45 reptiles are reported for the western Piedmont of North Carolina. Much miscellaneous information is included. Pseudotriton montanus in North Carolina may be comprised of several forms. The food of Kinosternon subrubrum includes items down to two mm, or smaller, apparently picked up individually. Chrysemys picta feeds upon tiny cladocerans when available in spring. In Storeria dekavi 13 broods averaged 10.8 young. For Thamnophis sirtalis an absurdly large litter is reported. In Thamnophis sauritus 17 broods averaged 8.17 young. In Virginia striatula 19 broods averaged 5.5 young. In Coluber constrictor 8 egg sets averaged 10.75, while dark adult coloration is achieved dorsally at SV length of 385-450 mm and ventrally at 450-550 mm. In Elaphe obsoleta, the largest local snake, a length of at least 226 cm may be reached. Twelve sets of eggs averaged 9.6 while adult dark coloration here is achieved at SV lengths of 700-850 mm. In Lampropeltis getula seven egg sets averaged 8.8, while sets observed for Lampropeltis c. rhombomaculata were 3, 6, 8, 9, and 16 eggs. In Agkistrodon contortrix the length of time newborn young remain in the embryonic membranes is contrasted with the situation in Nerodia. Measurements and weights of young snakes are provided wherever possible. LG English. PT Article. UP 9200 YR 1992 14 of 30 AN 094079348 AU Sauer A. Sauer H. IN BERLINER STRASSE 65, D-6482 BAD ORB. TI USE OF ULTRASOUND TO EVALUATE INTRAUTERINE FINDINGS USING THE EXAMPLE OF THE SMOOTH SNAKE CORONELLA-AUSTRIACA LAURENTI 1768. SO Salamandra 28 (1). 1992. 92-94. KW EMBRYO PREGNANCY SONOGRAPHY LABORATORY METHOD ANALYSIS. CC *Methods, Materials and Apparatus, General/Laboratory Methods [01004] *Biophysics/General Biophysical Techniques [10504] *Reproductive System/General; Methods [16501] *Developmental Biology/Embryology-General and Descriptive [25502] *Chordata, General and Systematic Zoology/Reptilia [62516] External Effects/Sonics; Ultrasonics [10608] BC Biosystematic Codes/Super Taxonomic Groups: Serpentes [85410] Animals. Chordates. Vertebrates. Nonhuman Vertebrates. Reptiles. AB Sonography was used to check on the pregnancy of a free living smooth snake (Coronella austriaca). It showed embryos in two of six eggs. The merits of the method are discussed. LG German. PT Article. UP 9200 YR 1992 15 of 30 AN 094049428 AU Fritts T H. Mccoid M J. IN U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERV., NATL. MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY, WASHINGTON, D.C. 20560, USA. TI PREDATION BY THE BROWN TREE SNAKE BOIGA-IRREGULARIS ON POULTRY AND OTHER DOMESTICATED ANIMALS IN GUAM. SO Snake 23 (2). 1991. 75-80. KW BIRD SPECIES EXTIRPATION INTRODUCED SPECIES ELECTRICAL SYSTEM DAMAGE POULTRY PRODUCTION PEST ECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE. CC *Ecology; Environmental Biology/Wildlife Management-Terrestrial [07518] *Poultry Production/General; Methods [27002] *Chordata, General and Systematic Zoology/Reptilia [62516] Social Biology; Human Ecology [05500] BC Biosystematic Codes/Super Taxonomic Groups: Animalia-Unspecified [33000] Serpentes [85410] Aves-Unspecified [85500] Galliformes [85536] Animals. Chordates. Vertebrates. Nonhuman Vertebrates. Reptiles. Birds. AB The introduced population of the brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis) on Guam has caused damage to the island's electrical system, extirpated several native bird species, and preyed on pets and other domesticated animals. Interviews of residents and data from snakes donated to the Guam Department of Agriculture document heavy predation on chickens, eggs and other domesticated birds by snakes. This predation hampers subsistence and commercial production of poultry and eggs, resulting in higher food costs for residents of Guam. LG English. PT Article. UP 9200 YR 1991